Type II Supernova — Core Collapse
massive star death · shock propagation · remnant formation
progenitor stellar core
shockwave front — Mach > 1000
silicon / oxygen shell burning
helium / hydrogen envelope
ejecta — heavy element nucleosynthesis
neutron star / proto-compact remnant

progenitor mass ~20 M☉

core collapse time ~0.25 s

shock velocity ~15,000 km/s

peak luminosity ~10⁴³ erg/s

neutrino energy ~3×10⁵³ erg

remnant neutron star

0 · Pre-collapse
1 · Core Collapse
2 · Neutrino Burst
3 · Shockwave
4 · Envelope Ejection
5 · Remnant Formation

drag → orbit

scroll → zoom

tap layer → info

Iron Core Collapse
ρ ~ 10¹⁴ g/cm³
Photodisintegration of iron halts fusion. Electron capture removes pressure support. Core collapses in ~0.25 s.
Neutrino Emission
E_ν ~ 10⁵³ erg
99% of energy radiated as neutrinos. Neutrino-driven wind deposits ~10⁵¹ erg into envelope driving shock.
Shock Propagation
v_shock ~ 5×10³ km/s
Bounce shock stalls, revived by neutrinos. SASI instability. Breaks through stellar surface after hours.
Nucleosynthesis
r-process / s-process
Rapid neutron capture (r-process) in ejecta creates heavy elements — gold, platinum, uranium, strontium.
Compact Remnant
M_rem ~ 1.4 M☉
Core forms neutron star (≤ 3 M☉) or black hole. Spin-up to millisecond pulsar via angular momentum conservation.
1.0×
—
—
✕
—
—